حساسیت مراحل شفیرگی و حشره کامل زنبور پارازیتوئید (Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hym.: Braconidae نسبت به حشره کش های تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین، پیریمیکارب و پیمتروزین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

زنبور Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall پارازیتوئید داخلی شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae Scopoli، یکی از اجزای مهم مدیریت تلفیقی این آفت می ­باشد که لازم است برهمکنش این زنبور با حشره­ کش­ های مورد استفاده در کنترل شیمیایی این آفت مورد مطالعه قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه، اثرات کشندگی غلظت توصیه شده­ سه حشره­ کش تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین، پیریمیکارب و پیمتروزین بر مراحل شفیرگی و حشره کامل زنبور در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. به این منظور، شفیره­ ها با روش غوطه­ وری و حشرات کامل با روش غیر مستقیم (قفس) در معرض حشره­ کش­ ها قرار گرفتند. تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین و پیریمیکارب به طور معنی­ داری میزان مرگ و میر را در هر دو مرحله ­ی شفیرگی و حشره کامل افزایش داد، در حالی­ که پیمتروزین بر هیچ یک از مراحل مورد آزمایش اثر معنی­ داری نداشت. بر اساس استاندارد سازمان بین­ المللی برای کنترل بیولوژیکی (IOBC) (سمیت حشره­ کش­ ها)، تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین در مراحل شفیرگی و حشره کامل به ترتیب در گروه­ های تا حدودی زیان ­بار (3) و زیان ­بار (4) و پیریمیکارب نیز به ترتیب در گروه ­های کمی زیان ­بار (2) و بی­ زیان (1) قرار گرفتند. پیمتروزین در هر دو مرحله­ ی مورد آزمایش در گروه بی­ زیان (1) قرار گرفت. همچنین در این مطالعه، دوره­ ی پایداری سمیت حشره­ کش ­ها در مرحله­ ی حشره کامل زنبور در شرایط نیمه ­مزرعه ­ای بررسی شد. بر اساس استاندارد IOBC (پایداری حشره­کش­ها)، تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین، پیریمیکارب و پیمتروزین به ترتیب در گروه­ های به نسبت پایدار (C)، کمی پایدار (B) و ناپایدار (A) قرار گرفتند. طبق نتایج مطالعه حاضر، پیمتروزین و پیریمیکارب اثرات جانبی کمی بر مراحل شفیرگی و حشره کامل زنبور L. fabarum دارند، اما تیاکلوپرید+دلتامترین اثرات خطرناکی بر هر دو مرحله­ ی مورد آزمایش ایجاد می­ کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Susceptibility of pupal and adult stages of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hym.: Braconidae) to insecticides thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Mardani 1
  • Q. Sabahi 1
  • A. Almasi 2
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall,an endoparasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli is an important component of integrated pest management of this pest and it is necessary to study its interaction with insecticides used against this pest. In this study, the lethal effects of recommended concentrations of three insecticides, thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine were investigated on pupal and adult stages of the parasitoidunder laboratory conditions. The pupae and the adults were exposed to insecticides with mummy dipping and dry residues of insecticides on glass plates methods, respectively. Thiacloprid+deltamethrin and pirimicarb significantly caused mortality rates in pupal and the adult stages, while pymetrozine had no significant effect. According to International organization for biological control (IOBC)(toxicity of insecticides), thiacloprid+deltamethrin at the pupal and the adult stages were classified as moderately harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4), respectively. Pirimicarb was also classified as slightly harmful (class 2) and harmless (class 1), respectively. Pymetrozine in the two tested stages were classified as harmless (class 1). In this study, the persistent toxicity of insecticides against the adult wasps was also investigated under semifield conditions. According to the IOBC (persistence) classification, thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine were classified as moderately persistent (class C), slightly persistent (class B) and short lived (class A), respectively. According to the present study, pymetrozine and pirimicarb had low side effects on L. fabarum at the pupal and adult stages, but thiacloprid+deltamethrin caused deleterious effects on this parasitoid at two stages tested. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lethal effects
  • Persistency
  • IOBC
  • Lysiphlebus fabarum
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