Fumigant toxicity of cumin, spearmint and lavender essential oils against eggs and adults of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
H. R.
Sarraf Moayeri
author
F.
Pirayeshfar
author
A. R.
Bolandnazar
author
B.
Faridi
author
text
article
2014
per
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticaeKochis one of the most important pests of orchard trees, vegetables and ornamental crops worldwide. Frequent chemical pesticide applications have caused development of resistance, undesirable effects on non target organisms and environmental pollutions. Plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites with pesticidal properties which can be a suitable alternative to chemicals in pest’s management. In this study, fumigant toxicity of three medicinal plant essential oils including cumin (Cuminum cyminumL.), spearmint (Mentha spicataL.) and lavender (Lavandula stoechasL.)were tested against eggs and female adultsof T. urticae. The essential oils were obtained by Clevenger-type water distillation. Experiments were carried out at 25±1°C, 50±5% RH and under a photoperiod of 16L: 8D. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for the essential oils from cumin, spearmint and lavender essential oils were 19.762, 20.929 and 34.534 µl/L air, 24h. after treatment, respectively. In ovicidal bioassays, the calculated LC50 values for oils were 40.585, 19.714 and 30.953 µl/L air, respectively. The results showed that cumin oil had the highest adulticidal effect in comparison with other essential oils, but there were no significant differences between the lethal effect of cumin and spearmint essential oils. Also spearmint oil had significantly the highest lethal effects against eggs of T. urticae than the other two essential oils.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
1
13
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_507_987b0ea2751419eeeba6d388c2a9aa1f.pdf
Genetic diversity of mealybug ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) populations in Mazandaran province by RAPD marker
S.
Bamehr
author
M.
Mohammadi Sharif
author
A.
Hadizadeh
author
J.
Karimi
author
text
article
2014
per
Information on the various biotic aspects of biological control agents is basic need for their successful application and appropriate establishment of their populations. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is the major natural enemy of mealybugs in citrus orchards and tea plantation of Mazandaran Province. The objective of this research was to describe the genetic diversity of eight natural and two commercial reared populations of this biological control agent by using RAPD marker. Twenty two 10-mer primers were used for the assays. After optimizing the PCR conditions (annealing temperature at 38 °C for one minute) and conducting the experiments on all populations, the PCR products were electrophoresed in a 2% agarose gel. The primers generated a total of 434 score-able bands, of which 334 (76.9%) displayed polymorphism. Genetic similarity of the populations ranged from 0.48 (between Tonekabon and Freydunkenar populations) to 0.78 (Chalus and Behshahr insectarium populations). The populations were clustered into two distinct clades by UPGMA method using NTSYS-pc software. Babolsar, Sari, Ramsar, Tonekabon, Chaluos and one reared (Behshahr insectarium) populations were classified in one clade and Ghaemshahr, Savadkooh, Freydunkenar and another reared (Babol insectarium) populations were clustered in a different clade. A moderate differentiation was resulted amongst the populations based on dendrogram coefficient.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
15
24
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_509_8cc39b443fda5988d258d773c995a25d.pdf
Effect of temperature on biological parameters of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menetries) by feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae Pass. under laboratory conditions
H.
Rounagh
author
M. A.
Samih
author
K.
Mahdian
author
text
article
2014
per
Characteristics such as lower developmental time, higher fertility and a large body size of natural enemies as biological control agents are important for their mass rearing. Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Col.: Coccinellidae) is one of the major predators of pests in the Orchards in Iran. The effect of five constant temperatures of 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32.5ºC on the development of the predator by feeding on pomegranate green aphid, Aphis punicae (Hem.: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions (55±5 RH and 16L: 8D h) was investigated. The developmental time of O. conglobata contaminata were 20.37, 18.31, 16.39, 14.34 and 11.74 days on above mentioned temperatures, respectively. The results showed that developmental time decreased with increasing temperatures. The lowest mortality was observed at 27.5oC and the lowest survival rate was recorded for eggs whereas survival of first instars larvae and pupae had the highest survival at above-mentioned temperatures. The results indicated that there were significant differences for developmental times in different temperature and moreover, 27.5 to 32.5oCwere optimum temperatures for the rearing of the lady beetle. The survival rate was determined to reduce at lower and higher temperatures than optimal. Lower temperature threshold and thermal constant for egg, total larval period, pupa and egg to adult by feeding on green pomegranate aphid were 8.32, 8.52, 9.34, 9.34oC and 59.17, 163.93, 56.17, 285.71 degree-day, respectively.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
25
38
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_510_96b43d4a0f42c2506703ac5531622e7e.pdf
Evaluation of contact toxicity of ten essential oils from Lamiaceae plants against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
M.
Kaveh
author
N.
Poorjavad
author
jahangir
Khajehali
author
text
article
2014
per
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of greenhouse, vegetables and ornamental crops. The mite management is commonly based on the repetitive applications of pesticides, resulting in environmental pollution and resistance in pest population. In recent years, essential oils, plant extracts and plant secondary metabolites have received much attention as pest controlling agents because of their insecticidal, acaricidal, repellent and antifeedant properties. In the present study, contact toxicity of the essential oils from ten Lamiaceae plants were evaluated against adults of T. urticae. Bioassays were carried out in 4 concentrations (200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppm). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using modified Clevenger-type apparatus. Adults' mortality was determined 24 hour after treatment and the LC50 values of the essential oils were evaluated. Results showed that the essential oils from Zataria multiflora and Mentha piperita with LC50=419.44 mg/L and LC50=425.42 mg/L were the most toxic on T. urticae. Essential oils from ten Lamiaceae plants showed acaricidal activities in a dose-dependent manner. The tested essential oils had no phytotoxicity at concentrations less than 1600 ppm and low phytotoxicity at 1600 ppm.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
39
49
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_511_bc307c5787ed48888d4a80b5a16b2315.pdf
Pathogenecity of four isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on larvae of lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep.; Pyralidae) in laboratory conditions
R.
Khosravi
author
J.
Jalali sendi
author
A.
Zibaee
author
text
article
2014
per
Lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep.; Pyralidae)is one of the most important pests of mulberry trees which is widely distributed in Guilan province. This pest is monophagous and has caused severe damages on mulberry trees in north of Iran. In order to evaluate the effect of Beauveria bassiana isolates on this insect pest this study was undertaken. The bioassays were performed by immersion method with concentrations ranging from 104, 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia ml-1 in distilled water containing 0.03% Tween-80. For each concentration, forty 5th instar larvae were immersed into the conidial suspension for 10 seconds. Each experiment was replicated four times of 10 insects in each replicate. Control larvae were treated with distilled water containing 0.03 percent Tween-80 alone in the same way. The results showed that all fungal isolates were able to infect G. pyloalis larvae and larval mortality increased with increasing concentrations. The LC50 value was estimated 1.6 ×105, 4.8×105, 8.1×105, and 1.1×106 conidia ml-1 for IRAN 403 C, SPT 22, SP 566, and IR-K-40 isolates, respectively. Results showed that IRAN 403C isolate caused the highest mortality compared to other isolates with a mean of 95 percent mortality using 108 conidia ml-1. Also, different concentrations of these isolates reduced adult emergence significantly. The lowest adult emergence (25%±0.34) was observed in case of IRAN 403C isolate at 107 conidia ml-1 concentration and no adult emergence was observed at108 conidia ml-1 concentration. All used isolates caused mortality in larvae of lesser mulberry pyralid and IRAN 403C was the most efficient isolate among investigated isolates.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
51
60
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_512_539173f51bb2513d2e6c170c3d9b2f9b.pdf
Fauna and identification key for mites of Superfamily Ascoidea (Acari: Mesostigmata) of olive orchards in Guilan province, Iran with a new species record for Iran mites fauna
M.
Mahjoori
author
J.
Hajizadeh
author
text
article
2014
per
During 2012-2013 a faunistic survey was conducted for collect and identify of mites in the Superfamily Ascoidea associated with Olive orchards in Guilan province. During this study seven species belonging to five genera and two families, Ascidae and Ameroseiidae were collected and identified. Among identified species Asca bicornis is a new species recorded for Iran mites fauna, the female of A. bicornis is re-described. Four species are new records for olive orchards mites fauna. Also an identification key for families Ascidae and Ameroseiidae associated with Olive orchards in Guilan Province is provided. The list of identified species are as follows. New records for Iran and Guilan Province mites fauna are marked with two and one asterisks (*), respectively.
Family Ascidae: Asca bicornis** (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1887); Proctogamasellus massula Athias-Henirot, 1961; Proctogamasellus mica Athias-Henirot, 1961; Gamasellodes bicolar* Berlese, 1948.
Family Ameroseiidae: Ameroseius corbiculus Sowerby, 1806; Ameroseius lidiae* Bregetova, 1977; Sertitympanum aegyptiacus* (Nasr and Abow-Awad, 1986)
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
61
72
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_513_9fe1fbdda80657f9256773d8be26f531.pdf
Prey stage preference and functional response of the Coccinellid, Nephus arcuatus Kapur in response to Nipaecoccus viridis (News.)
S.
Zarghami
author
M. S.
Mossadegh
author
F.
Kocheili
author
H.
Allahyari
author
A.
Rasekh
author
text
article
2014
per
The spherical mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (News.), is a serious pest of citrus and other crop and non-crop plants. In this study the feeding behavior of Nephus arcuatus Kapur, the most important predator of N. viridis in Khuzestan province. This study was assessed out by determining prey stage preference of larvae and adult of lady beetles to different stage of mealybug and functional response of adult female lady beetles on its preferred prey. All experiments were conducted in laboratory at 30±1ºC, 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10h (L: D). The results indicated that the eggs and females of mealybug were preferred more than any other stages by most stages of N. arcuatus. While, 1st instar was less preferred. Functional response was determined using logistic regression and the parameters, were estimated by non-linear regression using SAS program. The result revealed type III functional response of N. arcuatus. Constant (b) and handling time were 0.00811 and 0.2819 h, respectively. The maximum attack rate (T/Th) was calculated as 85.1 eggs. The eggs laid by female were increased with increasing prey density while, the food exploitation efficiency and efficiency of conversion of ingested food decreased. According to our results, N. arcuatus can be applied as an effective biological control agent against N. viridis.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
73
86
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_515_48b93e21c613533b58122228511fff57.pdf
First report of Psyllopsis narzykulovi Baeva (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on ash tree in Iran
Sh.
Hesami
author
D.
Burckhardt
author
S.
Farahi Jahromi
author
text
article
2014
per
The species of gall-inducing psyllids on common ash (Fraxinus rotundifolia Mill.) in Shiraz region was investigated during 2009-2010. Two species were collected including Psyllopsis repens Loginova, 1963 and Psyllopsis narzykulovi Baeva, 1964. The latter was previously described on Fraxinus spp. from Tajikistan and is reported for the first time from Iran.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
4
v.
3
no.
2014
87
91
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_516_9629fa6e5c1ce772f08ace56c14bfa45.pdf