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2017
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Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
1
8
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2156_f31dd4fff806ec299af710568c588f6d.pdf
Functional response and predation interference of Neoseiulus californicus )Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on the western flower thrips larvae on several commercial strawberry cultivars
M.
Rezaie
Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO). Tehran, Iran
author
V.
Baniamerie
Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
author
A.
Saboori
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Neoseiulus californicus is an effective predatory mite to control of the spider mites. The functional response of three-day old mated female feeding on densities of Frankliniella occidentalis larvae (1,2,4,8 and 16) was studied on seven commercial strawberry cultivars (‘Sequoia’, ‘Chandler’, ‘Camarosa’, ‘Marak’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Yalova’ and ‘Gaviota’) and predation interference of this predator in (1,2,4,8 and 16) densities of the predatory mites on constant density of prey (40 larvae of thrips) were studied. These tests were conducted under laboratory condition (27±1˚C, 16L: 8D photoperiod and 70-80% RH). The predatory mite exhibited type Π on seven strawberry cultivars tested with Rogers equation. The attack coefficient and handling time were estimated on different strawberry cultivars (on ‘Sequioa (0.01, 4.77 hours), on ‘Chandler (0.03, 4.37 hours), ‘Camarosa’ (0.03, 5.49 hours), ‘Marak’ (0.03, 5.16 hours), ‘Aliso’ (0.02, 4.91 hours), ‘Yalova’ (0.05, 4.54 hours) and ‘Gaviota’ (0.02, 4.65 hours). The predatory mite ability in predation on F. occidentalis larvae on ‘Chandler’ and ‘Yalova’ were more than the other tested cultivars. It may be due to less trichome density on these cultivars or secondary chemical compounds. The relationship of logarithm of predator density and the logarithm of per capita searching efficiency was significant. The rate of predation increased as the host density increased and the predator decreased. These results emphasize the importance of the host plant characteristic for optimizing the predatory mite use in biological control of pests.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
1
15
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2147_e0afc75c98bfc76fbcc71d3bebce5067.pdf
Effect of a lectin extracted from Polygonum persicaria L. on some compounds involved in intermediary metabolism of Pieris brassicae L. (Lep.: Pieridae) larvae
A.
Zibaee
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
S.
Ramzi
Tea Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lahijan, Iran
author
A.
Karimi-Malati
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
B.
Rabaei
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Lectins are the proteins with the heterogenous structure that bind to mono- or oligosaccharides of cell surfaces leading to interference in cellular processes or even death. In the current study, effects of the different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) of Polygonum persicaria L. lectin were assessed on the intermediary metabolism of Pieris brassicae L. larvae to better understanding of its entomotoxic mechanism. Feeding of the larvae on the Polygonum persicaria lectin increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase but the activity of alanine aminotransferase statistically decreased. Activity of aldolase increased in the treated larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Also, activity of acid phosphatase showed no statistical differences between treated and control larvae, but alkaline phosphatase in the larvae fed on 2 mg/ml of lectin had the highest activity in comparison with other treatments. High density lipoprotein in the larvae fed on 2 mg/ml of lectin, had the lowest amount but low density lipoprotein showed the highest amount. Among storage macromolecules, glycogen showed no statistical difference between control and treated larvae but the amounts of protein and triglyceride statistically decreased. Results of the current study showed that P. persicaria lectin can cause disturbance in intermediary metabolism of P. brassicae larvae in its highest use dose which may lead lower biological and reproductive efficiencies.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
17
29
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2148_c1c6071a11bd135722ef8123043ef512.pdf
Spatial distribution and fixed precision sequential sampling plan of sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) immature stages in rainfed wheat fields using 0.1 m2 quadrate size
A.
Mohiseni
Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Borujerd Campus
author
text
article
2017
per
The sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) is the most important harmful insect in Iran, that feed on the leaf, stem and seed of wheat and reduce the quantity and quality of the crop. The method of quadrat sampling is among the oldest techniques in ecology. During 2004 and 2005, spatial distribution and fixed precision sequential sampling plans of Sunn pest immature stages by use of quadrate size 0.1m2 were investigated in rainfed wheat fields in Borujerd north of lorestan province, Iran. Based on R2 of regression, the Taylor's Power Law model provided a more adequate description of variance-mean relationships and Taylor's b were significantly >1 for all insect stages, indicating that immature stages of sunn pest were aggregated in rainfed wheat fields. Green's fixed-precision sequential sampling plan was designed for estimating immature stages of pestdensity at three fixed precision levels (0.1, 0.15 and 0.25), then these models were validated using 7-9 independent data. To achieve a precision of 0.25 in Green's model, which is generally accepted in integrated pest management, IPM programs, it is necessary to take samples for 2nd, 3rd, 4th instars and the total number of 5th instar plus new winged insect with an average sample numbers (ASN) of 62, 87, 67 and 25, respectively. As the precision level was increased to 0.10, average sample sizes increased to 320, 358, 325 and 145, respectively. Use of these models can provide an effective management of sunn pest E. integriceps in rainfed wheat fields and minimize sampling time and cost.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
31
48
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2149_524d05f79d1b10ca1ec5254293ed3ef4.pdf
Evaluation "Lure and Kill" technique with attractant traps for olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Dip.: Tephritidae) control
M. R.
Abbasi Mojdehi
Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural research,Education and natural resources center of Guilan
author
S.
Ghannad Amooz
Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural research,Education and natural resources center of Guilan
author
Z.
Mojib Haghghadam
Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural research,Education and natural resources center of Guilan
author
text
article
2017
per
Olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Dip.: Tephritidae) is the most important pest of olive orchards in IRAN. There are different methods to control the pest such as using different types of traps by attractive compounds or sexual pheromones, Bait spray on canopy, trunk or spray on some rows of trees and cover spray. In this research, efficiency of a new technique "Lure and Kill" by using magnet-ol® traps was evaluated and compared with other kinds of traditional traps. The results were evaluated by two way attractions of traps and reduction of fruits infestation. Results showed that "Lure and Kill" technique using Magnet-ol® trap had no significant differences in comparison with other traps. Mean number of flies captured by yellow sticky traps using bicarbonate ammonium as attractant was 1.00 ± 0.454, yellow sticky traps was 1.00 ± 0.423, Magnet ol was 1.00 ± 0.315 and Olipe traps was 0.75 ± 0.435. The total infestation index of Magnet ol® Traps in comparison was 3.5% with control plot 6.7% until October that indicated a positive impact of magnet-ol® traps and this method could be used as one of the olive fruit fly control
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
49
59
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2150_28e5b421c84c2bfb5b9bee55f44729b4.pdf
Susceptibility of pupal and adult stages of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hym.: Braconidae) to insecticides thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine
A.
Mardani
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
Q.
Sabahi
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
author
A.
Almasi
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall,an endoparasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli is an important component of integrated pest management of this pest and it is necessary to study its interaction with insecticides used against this pest. In this study, the lethal effects of recommended concentrations of three insecticides, thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine were investigated on pupal and adult stages of the parasitoidunder laboratory conditions. The pupae and the adults were exposed to insecticides with mummy dipping and dry residues of insecticides on glass plates methods, respectively. Thiacloprid+deltamethrin and pirimicarb significantly caused mortality rates in pupal and the adult stages, while pymetrozine had no significant effect. According to International organization for biological control (IOBC)(toxicity of insecticides), thiacloprid+deltamethrin at the pupal and the adult stages were classified as moderately harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4), respectively. Pirimicarb was also classified as slightly harmful (class 2) and harmless (class 1), respectively. Pymetrozine in the two tested stages were classified as harmless (class 1). In this study, the persistent toxicity of insecticides against the adult wasps was also investigated under semifield conditions. According to the IOBC (persistence) classification, thiacloprid+deltamethrin, pirimicarb and pymetrozine were classified as moderately persistent (class C), slightly persistent (class B) and short lived (class A), respectively. According to the present study, pymetrozine and pirimicarb had low side effects on L. fabarum at the pupal and adult stages, but thiacloprid+deltamethrin caused deleterious effects on this parasitoid at two stages tested.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
61
71
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2151_8407e4b4ecd8cd924b2887deab1c3a4e.pdf
Two-sex life table of Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Hem.: Lygaeidae) at different photoperiods under laboratory conditions
M.
Mollashahi
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
A.
Sahragard
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
J.
Mohaghegh
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
author
R.
Hosseini
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
H.
Sabouri
Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gonbad University, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The life table parameters are the most appropriate index for comparing the fitness of a population to diverse climatic and food-related conditions. In this study, the effect of three photoperiods of 8:16, 12:12 and 16:8 h (L:D) on the life table parameters of Nysius cymoides was studied under laboratory conditions (24±1ºC, 65±5% RH). Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Immature developmental times of N. cymoides under 12-and 8h photoperiods were significantly shorter than that of treatment with 16h photoperiod. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity and adult longevity reared under three photoperiods showed significant differences. The highest and lowest fecundity were 56.65 eggs and 10.1 eggs at 12- and 8h photoperiods, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase (r) were 0.011 ± 0.004, 0.044 ± 0.003 and 0.039 ± 0.003 (day-1) at 8-, 12- and 16h (L), respectively; and net reproductive rates (R0) were 2.02 ± 0.52, 13.02 ± 2.65 and 11.41± 2.12 (offspring per individual) for the respective treatments. The mean generation times (T) were 56.11 ± 1.26, 57.16 ± 1.53 and 62.32± 1.41 days, at 8-, 12- and 16h (L), respectively. The life expectancy (exj), survival rate (sxj) and cumulative reproductive rate (Rx) at 12-and 16h (L) were higher than those of 8h photoperiod. Generally, 12- and 16h photoperiods were more reasonable for N. cymoides rearing comparing with 8h photoperiod.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
73
87
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2152_820d2715e6cbadaca142d47599a1daf2.pdf
Effect of insecticidal soap, Palizin on the crapemyrtle aphid, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani and its coccinellid predator, Harmonia axyridis under laboratory conditions
M.
Gholamzadeh-Chitgar
Plant Protection Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The crapemyrtle aphid, Tinocallis kahawaluokalani Kirkaldy, is an important pest of ornamental woody plant, Lagerstroemia spp. causes premature drop of leaves and decline of summer flowering and reduces the commercial market. Effect of botanical insecticide, Palizinat the recommended concentrations of 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm evaluated on aphidand its predator, Harmonia axyridis Pallas.Experiment was done on aphids by two methods leaf dipping and spraying and then the numbers of dead aphids were recorded at 24 after treatment. The results showed that spraying method was more effective than other method and caused 86.6%, 90% and 95% mortality at 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm of Palizin, respectively. By dipping eggs of coccinellid in insecticide solutions the lowest eggs hatching percent (50%) and the longest developmental period (19 days) were observed at 2500 ppm of Palizin. Eggs hatching percent and developmental period were slightly affected by 1500 ppm of Palizin in comparison with the control. By topical application of Palizin on the fourth instar larvae, the survival of larvae and pupal developmental period were not significantly affected. However, the highest survival of treated fourth instar larvae (96.9%) than control (100%) was observed at 1500 ppm of Palizin. According to the results, Palizin at 1500 ppm had remarkable mortality on aphids without affecting many of tested characteristics of H. axyridis. So, Palizin at 1500 ppm can be used for integrated pest management in integration with H. axyridis to control of T. kahawaluokalani.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
89
95
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2153_baa2131e5c0d921e0eaf3d08b3176312.pdf
First report of a leaf minor beetle, Rhoptrispa dilaticornis (Duvivier) (Col.: Chrysomelidae) on sugarcane in Iran
A.
Cheraghi
Sugarcane Development and By-Products Research and Training Institute, Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.
Esfandiari
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
Sugarcane is one of the strategic agricultural products of Khuzestan province, Iran. Regarding to large-scale monoculture of sugarcane in this region, there are always concerns on secondary pest outbreaks or emergence of new pests. Therefore, monitoring of insect fauna in sugarcane fields is necessary. Here, we report a chrysomelid beetle, Rhoptrispa dilaticornis (Duvivier, 1891) as a leaf miner of sugarcane in Khuzestann Province. Both the species and genus are new for the Iranian fauna. The symptoms of its damage to sugarcane plants are described and illustrated. It seems that this beetle is not widely distributed in the sugarcane fields currently.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
97
101
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2154_b540ea6211ff6bdd9d7d9ba7af2cc976.pdf
First report of parasitic wasp, Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912) (Hym.: Aphelinidae) on Kiwi White Scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) from Iran
A.
Toorani
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Abbasipour
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
author
H.
Lotfalizadeh
Plant Protection Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
In order to identify parasitoids of White peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti) in Mazandaran province, sampling was carried out from kiwi orchards of Qaemshahr region during 2014-2016. Among the collected specimens, a parasitic species was identified as Aphytis chrysomphali (Mercet, 1912) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). This is the first record of A. chrysomphali associated with P. pentagona in Iran.
Plant Pest Research
University of Guilan
2322-2409
6
v.
4
no.
2017
103
107
https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2155_53af1ba3218bfb8f77d9c4c8ee6ea1b2.pdf